From SRPP and Mu-Follower to OTL Designs Tube amplifiers suffer from distortion. Fortunately, circuits such as the SRPP amplifier, mu-follower, and beta-follower produce minimal distortion even at output voltages of 50 to 100 Vpeak. These designs are often published with errors. Without a sound understanding of the theory, it is easy to arrive at a flawed design. In the first section of this book, we investigate the origin of distortion, while in the second we investigate the design of and SRPP and a mu-follower. On the internet we can find the most exotic designs. Evaluating them teaches us that these designs often make matters worse rather than better. In the chapter on incorrect SRPPs and mu-followers, we sometimes see bizarre and misguided designs where using a simple single-triode amplifier would perform much better. Push-pull output stages also exist. A great number of them are examined, and their similarity to the SRPP is discussed. This is done especially with the help of the theory behind the OTL based on the ‘mother’ of all OTLs, the Philips HF303. Finally, attention is given to frequency characteristics and technical matters such as the supply voltage and the filament power supply. To illustrate these points, there are a few designs covering the subjects discussed. This book presents much new theory that has not been published before. It is often an eye-opener, showing that many things have a beautiful and unexpected simplicity.

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Construisez votre station météo idéale ou explorez les données environnementales avec le monde entier. Avec de nombreux projets pratiques pour Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32 et autres cartes de développement. Les stations météo jouissent d’une grande popularité depuis des décennies. Tous les magazines d’électronique, qu’ils soient récents ou non, ont publié et publient régulièrement des articles sur la construction d’une station météo. Au fil des années, elles sont devenues de plus en plus sophistiquées et peuvent aujourd’hui être entièrement intégrées dans la maison intelligente. Ceci implique toutefois souvent une fidélité à un fabricant de produits de marque (coûteux) pour tous les composants. Cependant, avec votre propre station météo, vous pouvez facilement suivre le rythme et même capturer des relevés que les appareils commerciaux ne peuvent pas réaliser. Le plaisir ne manque pas : vous développerez de manière ludique vos connaissances en électronique, en cartes de développement de microcontrôleurs modernes et en langages de programmation. Pour moins de dix euros, vous pouvez collecter des données environnementales initiales et étendre votre système au fur et à mesure que votre intérêt grandit. Dans ce numéro Sur la route du vent et de la météo Écran météo OpenWeatherMap à affichage fluorescent Les composés organiques volatils dans l‘air que nous respirons Travailler avec les capteurs MQ : mesurer le monoxyde de carbone Détecteur de CO2 avec connexion IdO vers ThingSpeak Un arrosage automatique pour vos plantes Un climat intérieur sain : la température et l‘humidité de l‘air sont importants Thermomètre avec tubes Nixie Une maison météo rétro pour toute la famille Mesurez la pression atmosphérique et la température avec précision Un détecteur de coups de soleil Capteur maison pour la durée d‘ensoleillement Le smartphone l‘indique : brouillard ou bonne visibilité ? Détecter les tremblements de terre Les niveaux des cours d‘eau et des réservoirs Évaluer la valeur du pH de l’eau Détecter les rayonnements radioactifs Avec le GPS, vous savez où se trouve votre capteur Enregistrer les fichiers journaux avec horodatage sur des cartes SD LoRaWAN, The Things Network et ThingSpeak Exploiter la passerelle LoRaWAN pour le TTN Affichage géant à led avec prévisions météo

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The Basics, New Ideas & Applications Build digital electronics from the ground up—and take it all the way to practical circuits you can use. This book guides you through the core principles of digital technology with a strongly hands-on approach. You’ll begin with the essentials: signals, devices for working with them, and what "logic 0" and "logic 1" mean in real hardware. Simple demonstration setups made from easy-to-find parts (LEDs, diodes, resistors, switches) help you see how logic behaves, making the theory click before you move on. From there, you’ll explore a wide range of logic elements and how they’re implemented, including classic logic families such as TTL and CMOS. The fundamentals section covers the building blocks of digital systems: flip-flops, Schmitt triggers, registers, counters and dividers, encoders/ decoders, multiplexers/demultiplexers, plus A/D and D/A conversion and timing circuits. Next, the book invites you into "new ideas" in digital electronics—universal logic elements, unconventional approaches (including thyristor-based and fractional logic), and creative logic functions that can inspire original designs. Finally, a large, well-organized collection of application circuits turns knowledge into projects: electronic switches and selectors, pulse generators, PWM regulators, frequency multipliers/dividers, phase shifters, and digital filters. Study it deeply, and you’ll gain not only understanding—but the ability to design and debug digital circuits independently.

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Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel. This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs. The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects: Fork Thread Threading Subprocess Multiprocessing The book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.

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Learn programming for Alexa devices, extend it to smart home devices and control the Raspberry Pi The book is split into two parts: the first part covers creating Alexa skills and the second part, designing Internet of Things and Smart Home devices using a Raspberry Pi. The first chapters describe the process of Alexa communication, opening an Amazon account and creating a skill for free. The operation of an Alexa skill and terminology such as utterances, intents, slots, and conversations are explained. Debugging your code, saving user data between sessions, S3 data storage and Dynamo DB database are discussed. In-skill purchasing, enabling users to buy items for your skill as well as certification and publication is outlined. Creating skills using AWS Lambda and ASK CLI is covered, along with the Visual Studio code editor and local debugging. Also covered is the process of designing skills for visual displays and interactive touch designs using Alexa Presentation Language. The second half of the book starts by creating a Raspberry Pi IoT 'thing' to control a robot from your Alexa device. This covers security issues and methods of sending and receiving MQTT messages between an Alexa device and the Raspberry Pi. Creating a smart home device is described including forming a security profile, linking with Amazon, and writing a Lambda function that gets triggered by an Alexa skill. Device discovery and on/off control is demonstrated. Next, readers discover how to control a smart home Raspberry Pi display from an Alexa skill using Simple Queue Service (SQS) messaging to switch the display on and off or change the color. A node-RED design is discussed from the basic user interface right up to configuring MQTT nodes. MQTT messages sent from a user are displayed on a Raspberry Pi. A chapter discusses sending a proactive notification such as a weather alert from a Raspberry Pi to an Alexa device. The book concludes by explaining how to create Raspberry Pi as a stand-alone Alexa device.

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Nobody has any doubt that valve amplifiers produce a remarkably beautiful sound. They have a lively, deep, clear, and expressive sound, and dynamically they do not appear to have any limitations. The author investigates, in a systematic theoretical approach, the reasons for these beautiful properties. He develops new models for power valves and transformers, thus enabling the designer to determine the properties of the amplifier during the design process. Mathematical models for the coupling of power valve(s) and output transformer are provided. These will generate new insights in a special kind of distortion: the dynamic damping factor distortion (DDFD). With mathematical models in the complex domain, especially the properties at the limits of our hearing range (from 20 Hz to 20 kHz) are investigated and the minimal stability criteria for the amplifier are formulated. The often-applied negative feedback in amplifiers is extensively modelled and discussed in relation to our hearing appreciating. And after all this theory a fine selection of special amplifiers is presented and discussed. You will notice in this book that the author not only writes about amplifier technique, but tells about the way the development of valve amplifiers can have an influence on your daily life; even the usefulness of patents is discussed. Summarizing: new theories and solutions for perfect audio with valve amplifiers. Not only the professional and the DIY-er but everyone who wants to understand valve amplifiers will read this book with much pleasure.

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Plus de 475 circuits audio issus de 30 ans d'Elektor Cette clé USB contient plus de 475 circuits audio extraits des numéros d'Elektor de 1995 à 2025. La fonction de recherche d'articles vous permet d'effectuer des recherches en texte intégral. Les résultats sont toujours affichés sous forme de documents PDF préformatés. Quelques points forts Décodeur Surround Ampli 50 W compact Convertisseur de taux d’échantillonnage Préamplificateur alimenté par piles Ampli Titan 2000 Crescendo-Millennium amplificateur Audio-DAC/ADC Émetteur/récepteur IR-S/PDIF Amplificateur Perfection Casque sans fil haute fidélité Commande de tonalité paraphase et plus… Sur la clé, vous trouverez également un dossier avec un contenu supplémentaire tel que des schémas de circuits imprimés, des fichiers Gerber et des logiciels. Spécifications Mémoire 16 Go Connecteurs 1x USB-A1x USB-C Matériel et logiciel requis Ordinateur avec Adobe Reader version 7 ou sup. Navigateur Internet Vous pourrez, par le biais du Reader d’Adobe, faire apparaître et rechercher les différents articles sur votre écran et imprimer les textes, schémas et dessins de platine.

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Modular and Scalable Control Systems Using Structured Text This book offers a structured and practical approach to modern PLC development using object-oriented principles. It is a guide for engineers, programmers, and students seeking to harness the power of object-oriented programming (OOP) in the context of industrial automation with PLCs. The content focuses on the CODESYS development environment and Structured Text (ST), both of which support modern programming techniques while maintaining compatibility with real-time automation requirements. Through step-by-step demos and instructional examples, it demonstrates how modular, reusable code can enhance development efficiency, simplify ongoing maintenance, and enable scalable and flexible control system architectures. Key topics include: Structured Text fundamentals: conditions, loops, arrays, and functions Object-oriented concepts: classes, methods, and inheritance Advanced techniques: polymorphism, interfaces, and access control Modular design with reusable components and structured program flow Implementation of finite state machines and scalable application design Built around instructional demos and clear explanations, this book helps readers develop maintainable and modern control software in the CODESYS environment using proven programming techniques.

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Construisez votre station météo idéale ou explorez les données environnementales avec le monde entier. Avec de nombreux projets pratiques pour Arduino, Raspberry Pi, NodeMCU, ESP32 et autres cartes de développement. Les stations météo jouissent d’une grande popularité depuis des décennies. Tous les magazines d’électronique, qu’ils soient récents ou non, ont publié et publient régulièrement des articles sur la construction d’une station météo. Au fil des années, elles sont devenues de plus en plus sophistiquées et peuvent aujourd’hui être entièrement intégrées dans la maison intelligente. Ceci implique toutefois souvent une fidélité à un fabricant de produits de marque (coûteux) pour tous les composants. Cependant, avec votre propre station météo, vous pouvez facilement suivre le rythme et même capturer des relevés que les appareils commerciaux ne peuvent pas réaliser. Le plaisir ne manque pas : vous développerez de manière ludique vos connaissances en électronique, en cartes de développement de microcontrôleurs modernes et en langages de programmation. Pour moins de dix euros, vous pouvez collecter des données environnementales initiales et étendre votre système au fur et à mesure que votre intérêt grandit. Dans ce numéro Sur la route du vent et de la météo Écran météo OpenWeatherMap à affichage fluorescent Les composés organiques volatils dans l‘air que nous respirons Travailler avec les capteurs MQ : mesurer le monoxyde de carbone Détecteur de CO2 avec connexion IdO vers ThingSpeak Un arrosage automatique pour vos plantes Un climat intérieur sain : la température et l‘humidité de l‘air sont importants Thermomètre avec tubes Nixie Une maison météo rétro pour toute la famille Mesurez la pression atmosphérique et la température avec précision Un détecteur de coups de soleil Capteur maison pour la durée d‘ensoleillement Le smartphone l‘indique : brouillard ou bonne visibilité ? Détecter les tremblements de terre Les niveaux des cours d‘eau et des réservoirs Évaluer la valeur du pH de l’eau Détecter les rayonnements radioactifs Avec le GPS, vous savez où se trouve votre capteur Enregistrer les fichiers journaux avec horodatage sur des cartes SD LoRaWAN, The Things Network et ThingSpeak Exploiter la passerelle LoRaWAN pour le TTN Affichage géant à led avec prévisions météo

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Developing CoAP applications for Thread networks with Zephyr This book will guide you through the operation of Thread, the setup of a Thread network, and the creation of your own Zephyr-based OpenThread applications to use it. You’ll acquire knowledge on: The capture of network packets on Thread networks using Wireshark and the nRF Sniffer for 802.15.4. Network simulation with the OpenThread Network Simulator. Connecting a Thread network to a non-Thread network using a Thread Border Router. The basics of Thread networking, including device roles and types, as well as the diverse types of unicast and multicast IPv6 addresses used in a Thread network. The mechanisms behind network discovery, DNS queries, NAT64, and multicast addresses. The process of joining a Thread network using network commissioning. CoAP servers and clients and their OpenThread API. Service registration and discovery. Securing CoAP messages with DTLS, using a pre-shared key or X.509 certificates. Investigating and optimizing a Thread device’s power consumption. Once you‘ve set up a Thread network with some devices and tried connecting and disconnecting them, you’ll have gained a good insight into the functionality of a Thread network, including its self-healing capabilities. After you’ve experimented with all code examples in this book, you’ll also have gained useful programming experience using the OpenThread API and CoAP.

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From Theory to Practical Applications in Wireless Energy Transfer and Harvesting Wireless power transmission has gained significant global interest, particularly with the rise of electric vehicles and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s a technology that allows the transfer of electricity without physical connections, offering solutions for everything from powering small devices over short distances to long-range energy transmission for more complex systems. Wireless Power Design provides a balanced mix of theoretical knowledge and practical insights, helping you explore the potential of wireless energy transfer and harvesting technologies. The book presents a series of hands-on projects that cover various aspects of wireless power systems, each accompanied by detailed explanations and parameter listings. The following five projects guide you through key areas of wireless power: Project 1: Wireless Powering of Advanced IoT Devices Project 2: Wireless Powered Devices on the Frontline – The Future and Challenges Project 3: Wireless Powering of Devices Using Inductive Technology Project 4: Wireless Power Transmission for IoT Devices Project 5: Charging Robot Crawler Inside the Pipeline These projects explore different aspects of wireless power, from inductive charging to wireless energy transmission, offering practical solutions for real-world applications. The book includes projects that use simulation tools like CST Microwave Studio and Keysight ADS for design and analysis, with a focus on practical design considerations and real-world implementation techniques.

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Build Smart Applications with Raspberry Pi, Arduino, and ESP32 Discover how easy and exciting mobile app development can be with MIT App Inventor. This hands-on guide takes you from basic concepts to building real-world mobile applications using a simple visual programming approach—no prior coding experience required. You will create IoT and AI-powered apps for Android devices and explore how App Inventor can also be used with iPhones and iPads. Connect your applications to platforms such as Arduino UNO R4 WiFi, ESP32, Raspberry Pi Pico (2)W and Raspberry Pi 5, enabling you to build smart, connected systems. Inside the book, you will learn how to: Build interactive apps using buttons, images, sound, and multimedia Create text-to-speech and speech-recognition applications Develop camera-based and location-aware (GPS) apps Design useful tools such as calculators and educational apps Work with smartphone sensors like accelerometers and light sensors Build AI-powered applications, including voice assistants and image-generation features Send and receive messages, and create communication-based apps Connect mobile apps to hardware using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Control real devices such as LEDs, motors, and sensors Designed for beginners, students, and hobbyists, this book focuses on learning by doing. By the end, you will have the skills and confidence to create your own innovative applications that interact with both the digital and physical worlds. Start building and turning your ideas into reality.

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AI Projects for the Raspberry Pi with the AI HAT+ Edge AI is transforming everyday devices by putting intelligence where it matters most: directly inside the hardware. With on-device inference, a camera can recognize a visitor instantly, a phone can translate speech without streaming audio to the cloud, and a wearable can detect anomalies in real time—fast, private, and reliable even when the network disappears. This book is your practical guide to building exactly those kinds of systems with the Raspberry Pi AI HAT+ and the Hailo-8L accelerator. You’ll start with clear foundations: core AI and machine-learning concepts, how neural networks work, and what truly distinguishes Edge AI from cloud AI—plus an honest look at ethical considerations and future impacts. Then it’s straight to hands-on physical computing. Step by step, you’ll set up Raspberry Pi OS, power and cooling, and develop in Python using the Thonny IDE. You’ll learn GPIO basics with lights and servos, mount the AI HAT+ hardware, install and verify the Hailo software stack, and connect the right camera—official modules or USB webcams, even multiple cameras. From your first pipeline to real projects, you’ll run person detection, pose estimation, segmentation, and depth estimation, then level up with YOLO object detection: smart alerts, guest counters, and custom extensions. You’ll even connect vision to motion by combining gesture recognition with servo-driven mechanisms, including a robotic arm. With troubleshooting tips, hardware essentials, and a practical Python refresher, this book turns Edge AI from buzzword into buildable reality.

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L'ESP8266 d'Espressif est une puce Wi-Fi dotée d'une pile TCP/IP complète et d'une capacité de microcontrôleur. Il a fait des vagues dans la communauté des fabricants grâce à son prix bas. Mais de nombreux développeurs étaient mécontents de la consommation électrique élevée de l'ESP8266. L'ESP32, équipé d'un coprocesseur ULP (Ultra Low Power), propose un remède à cela. Cet e-book présente un certain nombre de projets mettant en vedette ESP32 et ESP8266 et démontre leurs performances dans différentes applications. Des articles Journal lumineux défiant512 pilotes LED pour Wi-Fi dotés d'un ESP-12F Regarder avec VFD et ESP32À la précision d'Internet L'ESP32 est idéal pour la consommationProgrammation du coprocesseur ULP Adaptateur de programmation USB pour ESP8266Dans la famille Espressif, je voudrais l'ESP-01 et l'ESP-012 Émulateur DCF77 à ESP8266 Des ondes radio à l'internet Thermostat sur le bureau WiFiSurveillance de la température flexible et programmable Minutes pour le thermostat du bureau WiFiSept canaux de temporisation d'une précision atomique Coûteau suisse pour microcontrôleursPlatformIO, un outil de programmation universel Station Météo NucleoInformations mises à jour sur l'affichage sur l'écran LCD AllerNotifierUne interface flexible pour les captureurs d'IdO Regarder RGBChiffreAffiche avec 7 segments et couleur ESP32 pour les utilitaires exigeantsProgrammation avec les outils d'origine Mutation de l'ESP8266Découvrons l'ESP32 avec l'EDI d'Arduino MicroPythonLe Python des petits systèmes MicroPython et PyBoardLa LED qui clignote…Au serveur web qui fait clignoter une LED Machine de surveillance pour ESP8266Domotique pour la transition énergétique WLAN compact et autonomeOu comment utiliser la puce ESP8266 sans µC ESP8266 sur la carte d'entrées/sorties AndroidLancez-vous dans la mise à jour du micrologiciel WLAN pour microcontrôleursAvec la puce ESP8266 Carte de commande Wi-Fi : le retourRelies des objets à votre ordiphone

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As demand for solar panel installation has risen sharply, especially for installations larger than balcony power plants, the order books of solar companies are full. If you ask for a quote today, you may have to wait a while, if your request isn't simply postponed indefinitely. Another consequence of the solar boom is that some companies are charging very high prices for installations. Yet there is an obvious and radical solution to the problem of excessive prices: Do it yourself, as the English say. The price of materials is currently affordable, and it's the ideal time for those who do the work themselves. They couldn't save more. Add to this the satisfaction of doing something useful, both economically and ecologically, and the pleasure of building yourself. In this special issue, you'll find a wide selection of Elektor assemblies, from solar panel controllers to solar water heaters and solar panel orientation systems. The issue also contains practical information on solar panel installation and the technology behind them. Finally, there are a number of articles on the subject of balcony power plants, from how to install them to how to connect them to the Internet... Contents BASICS Dimensioning Photovoltaic Panel ArraysAn introduction to photovoltaic energy and the commonest techniques,followed by simplified calculation models and setup guidelines. Light Sensor TechnologyMeasuring daylight using LEDs. Solar Power Made SimpleSolar charging with and without a controller. Cable Cross-sections and Energy Losses in Solar SystemsKey considerations on the minimum values to respect for electricalcurrent in solar panel cabling. Solar ModulesEverything you always wanted to know about solar panels... Ideal Diode ControllerDiode Circuits with Low Power Dissipation. TIPS Tracking for Solar Modules zBot Solar/Battery Power Supply Solar Cell Array Charger with Regulator Solar Cell Voltage Regulator Solar-Powered Night Light Alternative Solar Battery Charger PROJECTS Energy LoggerMeasuring and Recording Power Consumption. Tiny Solar SupplySunlight In, 3.3 V Out. A Do-It-Yourself DTURead Data from Small Inverters by μC. Solar ChargerPortable energy for people on the move. Solar Thermal Energy RegulatorMaximum power point tracking explored. 2-amp Maximum Power Tracking ChargerSolar Power To The Max. Computer-driven HeliostatFollow the sun or the stars. Garden LightingUsing solar cells. Solar Panel Voltage Converter for IoT DevicesYes we CAN exploit indoor lighting. Travel ChargerFree power in the mountains. Solar Cell Battery Charger/MonitorWith protection against deep discharge. Solar-powered Battery ChargerPIC12C671 avoids overcharging and deep charging. Converters for Photovoltaic PanelsContributed by TME (Transfer MultisortElektronik). Solar Charging RegulatorFor panels up to 53 watts. Solar-Powered ChargerFor lead-acid batteries. CAN Bus + Arduino for Solar PV Cell MonitoringDetect and locate serviceable panels in large arrays. Balcony Power Plant 2.0The latest: solar panels, installation and inverters

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Programming the Finite State Machine with 8-Bit PICs in Assembly and C Andrew Pratt provides a detailed introduction to programming PIC microcontrollers, as well as a thorough overview of the Finite State Machine (FSM) approach to programming. Most of the book uses assembly programming, but do not be deterred. The FSM gives a structure to a program, making it easy to plan, write, and modify. The last two chapters introduce programming in C, so you can make a direct comparison between the two techniques. The book references the relevant parts of the Microchip datasheet as familiarity with it is the best way to discover detailed information. This book is aimed at Microsoft Windows and Linux users. To keep your costs to a minimum and to simplify the toolchain, specific applications are provided as a free download to enable you to use an FTDI serial lead as the programmer. The assembler used is the open-source "gpasm". All programming can be done in a text editor. There are detailed instructions on how to perform the necessary installations on Windows, Linux Debian, and derivatives such as Ubuntu and Fedora. For programming in C, Microchip's XC8 compiler is used from the command line. In addition to the programming applications, two serial read and serial write applications can be used for communicating with the PICs from a computer. A voltmeter project including practical instructions on building a circuit board from scratch is included. All theory is covered beforehand, including how to do integer arithmetic in assembly. Two PICs are covered: the PIC12F1822 and the PIC16F1823. Both can run at 32 MHz with an internal oscillator. You do not need to buy a factory-made development board and programmer. With relatively inexpensive parts including a serial lead, microcontroller, a few resistors, and LEDs, you can get started exploring embedded programming. Links Updated Programmer

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Menno van der Veen is well known for his research publications on tube amplifiers used in audio systems. In this book he describes one of his research projects which focuses on the question of whether full compensation for distortion in tubes and output transformers is possible. In the past, a variety of techniques have been developed. One of them has largely been forgotten: trans-conductance, which means converting current into voltage or voltage into current. Menno van der Veen has breathed new life into this technique with his research project titled “Trans”. This book discusses all aspects of this method and discusses its pitfalls. These pitfalls are addressed one by one. The end result is a set of stringent requirements for Trans amplifiers. Armed with these requirements, Menno then develops new Trans amplifiers, starting with Transie 1 and Transie 2. These DC-coupled, single-ended tube amplifiers have unusually good characteristics and are suitable for hobbyist construction. Next the Trans principle is applied to amplifiers with higher output power. A trial-and-error process ultimately leads to the Vanderveen Trans 30 amplifier, which optimizes the features of Trans. The characteristics of this amplifier are so special and unique that Menno believes he has struck gold. To ensure that variations in tube characteristics cannot interfere with optimal Trans behavior, Menno makes use of simulations and comparison with other amplifier types. This book reads like an adventure story, but it is much more – it is an account of solid research into new ways to achieve optimal audio reproduction.

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STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular Nucleo development board. In the early chapters of the book, the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. Software development tools that can be used with the Nucleo boards such as the Mbed, Keil MDK, TrueSTUDIO, and the System Workbench are described briefly in later Chapters. The book covers many projects using most features of the STM32 Nucleo development boards where the full software listings for Mbed and System Workbench are given for every project. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules and devices such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, LCD, analog inputs and others. In addition, several projects are given using the Nucleo Expansion Boards, including popular expansion boards such as solid-state relay, MEMS and environmental sensors, DC motor driver, Wi-Fi, and stepper motor driver. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and simplify the task of project development considerably. Features of this book Learn the architecture of the STM32 microcontrollers Learn how to use the Nucleo development board in projects using Mbed and System Workbench Toolchains Learn how to use the Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards Update The Mbed compiler has been replaced with two software packages: The Mbed Studio and Keil Studio Cloud. Both of these software packages are free of charge and are available on the Internet. If you need assistance using the Keil Studio Cloud, please download the Guide below.

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The Most Iconic Oscilloscopes in Electronics History The 7000 Series was the most iconic family of oscilloscopes in the history of technology. Introduced in 1969 by Tektronix, the sector’s leader at the time, this remarkable line of instruments defined an era and became a benchmark for generations of engineers, researchers, and technicians. Throughout the 1970s and well beyond, 7000-Series oscilloscopes were a constant presence in laboratories, universities, and industrial facilities around the world. Their modular plug-in architecture, exceptional flexibility, and outstanding performance embodied the engineering philosophy that made Tektronix synonymous with accuracy, innovation, and reliability. This book offers an in-depth exploration of the 7000-Series oscilloscopes, combining historical context, technical analysis, and practical insight into their design and restoration. Conceived as a continuation of Tektronix Epic Oscilloscopes, this work expands the subject into two volumes: the first devoted to mainframes and core technologies, the second focused entirely on plug-ins.

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This book is for people who want to understand how AC drives (also known as inverter drives) work and how they are used in industry by showing mainly the practical design and application of drives. The key principles of power electronics are described and presented in a simple way, as are the basics of both DC and AC motors. The different parts of an AC drive are explained, together with the theoretical background and the practical design issues such as cooling and protection. An important part of the book gives details of the features and functions often found in AC drives and gives practical advice on how and where to use these. Also described is future drive technology, including a matrix inverter. The mathematics is kept to an essential minimum. Some basic understanding of mechanical and electrical theory is presumed, and a basic knowledge of single andthree phase AC systems would be useful. Anyone who uses or installs drives, or is just interested in how these powerful electronic products operate and control modern industry, will find this book fascinating and informative.

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A Practical Guide to AI, Python, and Hardware Projects Welcome to your BeagleY-AI journey! This compact, powerful, and affordable single-board computer is perfect for developers and hobbyists. With its dedicated 4 TOPS AI co-processor and a 1.4 GHz Quad-core Cortex-A53 CPU, the BeagleY-AI is equipped to handle both AI applications and real-time I/O tasks. Powered by the Texas Instruments AM67A processor, it offers DSPs, a 3D graphics unit, and video accelerators. Inside this handbook, you‘ll find over 50 hands-on projects that cover a wide range of topics—from basic circuits with LEDs and sensors to an AI-driven project. Each project is written in Python 3 and includes detailed explanations and full program listings to guide you. Whether you‘re a beginner or more advanced, you can follow these projects as they are or modify them to fit your own creative ideas. Here’s a glimpse of some exciting projects included in this handbook: Morse Code Exerciser with LED or BuzzerType a message and watch it come to life as an LED or buzzer translates your text into Morse code. Ultrasonic Distance MeasurementUse an ultrasonic sensor to measure distances and display the result in real time. Environmental Data Display & VisualizationCollect temperature, pressure, and humidity readings from the BME280 sensor, and display or plot them on a graphical interface. SPI – Voltmeter with ADCLearn how to measure voltage using an external ADC and display the results on your BeagleY-AI. GPS Coordinates DisplayTrack your location with a GPS module and view geographic coordinates on your screen. BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi 4 CommunicationDiscover how to make your BeagleY-AI and Raspberry Pi communicate over a serial link and exchange data. AI-Driven Object Detection with TensorFlow LiteSet up and run an object detection model using TensorFlow Lite on the BeagleY-AI platform, with complete hardware and software details provided.

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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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Ce cours complet de programmation du microcontrôleur ESP32 comprend un manuel, un kit de composants, des projets pratiques ainsi qu’un cours en ligne complet avec simulations. Il est idéal pour apprendre pas à pas la programmation des systèmes embarqués avec MicroPython grâce à une approche pratique. Une introduction pratique aux systèmes embarqués avec l’ESP32 Ce cours s’adresse aux débutants en systèmes embarqués recherchant une approche structurée et basée sur des exemples. Un kit de composants comprenant des LED et des résistances, des interrupteurs, des capteurs et actionneurs, des afficheurs, une breadboard et des fils est inclus. Ceux-ci sont utilisés dans le cours pour illustrer des applications concrètes. Aucune expérience préalable avec Arduino ou le développement embarqué n’est requise. Chaque section propose des exemples pratiques et des mini-projets conçus pour renforcer les concepts clés et encourager l’exploration. À la fin du cours, vous serez capable non seulement de reproduire les exemples, mais aussi de développer vos propres idées et applications. Que allez-vous apprendre ? Programmation de microcontrôleurs en MicroPython avec l'ESP32 via l'IDE Thonny Utilisation des entrées/sorties numériques, lecture de boutons et encodeurs, commande de LED et relais Lecture des entrées analogiques, tensions et capteurs analogiques Génération de signaux analogiques et PWM Utilisation des communications série comme UART, I²C et SPI pour piloter des afficheurs et lire des capteurs numériques et cartes SD Gestion du temps Utilisation des interruptions Entrées capteurs en temps réel et contrôle via boutons, LED et afficheurs Commande d’actionneurs comme relais et servomoteurs À qui s’adresse ce cours ? Étudiants et autodidactes explorant les systèmes embarqués Makers et passionnés d’IoT souhaitant améliorer leurs compétences en hardware Formateurs et enseignants à la recherche de matériel pédagogique prêt à l’emploi Contenu de la boîte Accès au cours complet sur la plateforme Elektor Academy Pro Carte microcontrôleur ESP32 + câble USB Livre : Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Fichiers de projet téléchargeables pour chaque module Boîte de composants : 2× LED, rouge, 5 mm LED, verte, 5 mm 3× résistance, 470 Ω, 0,25 W LDR Potentiomètre, 10 kΩ, linéaire Bouton-poussoir Module encodeur rotatif Module relais Capteur DHT22 (température & humidité) Afficheur 7 segments 4 digits compatible TM1637 MPU-6050 IMU avec connecteurs Afficheur OLED I²C compatible SSD1306 Adaptateur carte micro SD avec connecteur Buzzer Micro servo SG90 Écran TFT SPI 240×320 compatible ILI9341 20× fils jumper Breadboard Tous les cours de programmation (et différences de contenu) Cours Arduino Raspberry Pi Pico with Arduino C/C++ ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Raspberry Pi Pico with MicroPython ESP32 with MicroPython Cours en ligne Access to Arduino Course Access to Pico with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to ESP32 with Arduino C/C++ Course Access to Pico with MicroPython Course Access to ESP32 with MicroPython Course Carte Uno R3 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Raspberry Pi Pico ESP32 Livre Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in C/C++ Using Arduino Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Programming Microcontrollers in MicroPython Kit Boîte de composants (40 pièces) Boîte de composants (40 pièces) Boîte de composants (40 pièces) Boîte de composants (40 pièces) Boîte de composants (40 pièces)

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Projects Using Arduino IDE and the LVGL Graphics Library The ESP32 is probably one of the most popular microcontrollers used by many people, including students, hobbyists, and professional engineers. Its low cost, coupled with rich features makes it a popular device to use in many projects. Recently, a board called the ESP32 Cheap Yellow Display (CYD for short) is available from its manufacturers. The board includes a standard ESP32 microcontroller together with a 320x240 pixel TFT display. Additionally, the board provides several connectors for interfaces such as GPIO, serial port (TX/RX), power and Ground. The inclusion of a TFT display is a real advantage as it enables users to design complex graphics-based projects without resorting to an external LCD or graphics displays. The book describes the basic hardware of the ESP32 CYD board and provides details of its on-board connectors. Many basic, simple, and intermediate-level projects are given in the book based on the ESP32 CYD, using the highly popular Arduino IDE 2.0 integrated development environment. The use of both the basic graphics functions and the use of the popular LVGL graphics library are discussed in the book and projects are given that use both types of approaches. All the projects given in the book have been tested and are working. The block diagram, circuit diagram, and the complete program listings and program descriptions of all the projects are given with explanations. Readers can use the LVGL graphics library to design highly popular eye-catching full-color graphics projects using widgets such as buttons, labels, calendars, keypads, keyboards, message boxes, spinboxes, sliders, charts, tables, menus, bars, switches, drop-down lists, animations, and many more widgets.

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