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Programming the Finite State Machine with 8-Bit PICs in Assembly and C Andrew Pratt provides a detailed introduction to programming PIC microcontrollers, as well as a thorough overview of the Finite State Machine (FSM) approach to programming. Most of the book uses assembly programming, but do not be deterred. The FSM gives a structure to a program, making it easy to plan, write, and modify. The last two chapters introduce programming in C, so you can make a direct comparison between the two techniques. The book references the relevant parts of the Microchip datasheet as familiarity with it is the best way to discover detailed information. This book is aimed at Microsoft Windows and Linux users. To keep your costs to a minimum and to simplify the toolchain, specific applications are provided as a free download to enable you to use an FTDI serial lead as the programmer. The assembler used is the open-source "gpasm". All programming can be done in a text editor. There are detailed instructions on how to perform the necessary installations on Windows, Linux Debian, and derivatives such as Ubuntu and Fedora. For programming in C, Microchip's XC8 compiler is used from the command line. In addition to the programming applications, two serial read and serial write applications can be used for communicating with the PICs from a computer. A voltmeter project including practical instructions on building a circuit board from scratch is included. All theory is covered beforehand, including how to do integer arithmetic in assembly. Two PICs are covered: the PIC12F1822 and the PIC16F1823. Both can run at 32 MHz with an internal oscillator. You do not need to buy a factory-made development board and programmer. With relatively inexpensive parts including a serial lead, microcontroller, a few resistors, and LEDs, you can get started exploring embedded programming. Links Updated Programmer

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Technology is constantly changing. New microcontrollers become available every year. The one thing that has stayed the same is the C programming language used to program these microcontrollers. If you would like to learn this standard language to program microcontrollers, then this book is for you! Arduino is the hardware platform used to teach the C programming language as Arduino boards are available worldwide and contain the popular AVR microcontrollers from Atmel. Atmel Studio is used as the development environment for writing C programs for AVR microcontrollers. It is a full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) that uses the GCC C software tools for AVR microcontrollers and is free to download. At a glance: Start learning to program from the very first chapter No programming experience is necessary Learn by doing – type and run the example programs A fun way to learn the C programming language Ideal for electronic hobbyists, students and engineers wanting to learn the C programming language in an embedded environment on AVR microcontrollers Use the free full-featured Atmel Studio IDE software for Windows Write C programs for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers as found on the Arduino Uno and MEGA boards Example code runs on Arduino Uno and Arduino MEGA 2560 boards and can be adapted to run on other AVR microcontrollers or boards Use the AVR Dragon programmer/debugger in conjunction with Atmel Studio to debug C programs

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Hands-on in more than 50 projects STM32 Nucleo family of processors are manufactured by STMicroelectronics. These are low-cost ARM microcontroller development boards. This book is about developing projects using the popular STM32CubeIDE software with the Nucleo-L476RG development board. In the early Chapters of the book the architecture of the Nucleo family is briefly described. The book covers many projects using most features of the Nucleo-L476RG development board where the full software listings for the STM32CubeIDE are given for each project together with extensive descriptions. The projects range from simple flashing LEDs to more complex projects using modules, devices, and libraries such as GPIO, ADC, DAC, I²C, SPI, LCD, DMA, analogue inputs, power management, X-CUBE-MEMS1 library, DEBUGGING, and others. In addition, several projects are given using the popular Nucleo Expansion Boards. These Expansion Boards plug on top of the Nucleo development boards and provide sensors, relays, accelerometers, gyroscopes, Wi-Fi, and many others. Using an expansion board together with the X-CUBE-MEMS1 library simplifies the task of project development considerably. All the projects in the book have been tested and are working. The following sub-headings are given for each project: Project Title, Description, Aim, Block Diagram, Circuit Diagram, and Program Listing for the STM32CubeIDE. In this book you will learn about STM32 microcontroller architecture; the Nucleo-L476RG development board in projects using the STM32CubeIDE integrated software development tool; external and internal interrupts and DMA; DEBUG, a program developed using the STM32CubeIDE; the MCU in Sleep, Stop, and in Standby modes; Nucleo Expansion Boards with the Nucleo development boards. What you need a PC with Internet connection and a USB port; STM32CubeIDE software (available at STMicroelectronics website free of charge) the project source files, available from the book’s webpage hosted by Elektor; Nucleo-L476RG development board; simple electronic devices such as LEDs, temperature sensor, I²C and SPI chips, and a few more; Nucleo Expansion Boards (optional).

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Develop innovative hardware-based projects in C The Raspberry Pi has traditionally been programmed using Python. Although this is a very powerful language, many programmers may not be familiar with it. C on the other hand is perhaps the most commonly used programming language and all embedded microcontrollers can be programmed using it. The C language is taught in most technical colleges and universities and almost all engineering students are familiar with using it with their projects. This book is about using the Raspberry Pi with C to develop a range of hardware-based projects. Two of the most popular C libraries, wiringPi and pigpio are used. The book starts with an introduction to C and most students and newcomers will find this chapter invaluable. Many projects are provided in the book, including using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to establish communication with smartphones. Many sensor and hardware-based projects are included. Both wiringPi and pigpio libraries are used in all projects. Complete program listings are given with full explanations. All projects have been fully tested and work. The following hardware-based projects are provided in the book: Using sensors Using LCDs I²C and SPI buses Serial communication Multitasking External and timer interrupts Using Wi-Fi Webservers Communicating with smartphones Using Bluetooth Sending data to the cloud Program listings of all Raspberry Pi projects developed in this book are available on the Elektor website. Readers can download and use these programs in their projects. Alternatively, they can customize them to suit their applications.

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Kick off with the MAX1000 and VHDPlus Ready to Master FPGA Programming? In this guide, we’re diving into the world of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) – a configurable integrated circuit that can be programmed after manufacturing. Imagine bringing your ideas to life, from simple projects to complete microcontroller systems! Meet the MAX1000: a compact and budget-friendly FPGA development board packed with features like memory, user LEDs, push-buttons, and flexible I/O ports. It’s the ideal starting point for anyone wanting to learn about FPGAs and Hardware Description Languages (HDLs). In this book, you’ll get hands-on with the VHDPlus programming language – a simpler version of VHDL. We’ll work on practical projects using the MAX1000, helping you gain the skills and confidence to unleash your creativity. Get ready for an exciting journey! You’ll explore a variety of projects that highlight the true power of FPGAs. Let’s turn your ideas into reality and embark on your FPGA adventure – your journey starts now! Exciting Projects You’ll Find in This Book Arduino-Driven BCD to 7-Segment Display Decoder Use an Arduino Uno R4 to supply BCD data to the decoder, counting from 0 to 9 with a one-second delay Multiplexed 4-Digit Event Counter Create an event counter that displays the total count on a 4-digit display, incrementing with each button press PWM Waveform with Fixed Duty Cycle Generate a PWM waveform at 1 kHz with a fixed duty cycle of 50% Ultrasonic Distance Measurement Measure distances using an ultrasonic sensor, displaying the results on a 4-digit 7-segment LED Electronic Lock Build a simple electronic lock using combinational logic gates with push buttons and an LED output Temperature Sensor Monitor ambient temperature with a TMP36 sensor and display the readings on a 7-segment LED Téléchargements Software

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Maîtrisez la programmation FPGA avec la Red Pitaya Academy Pro Box. Apprenez Verilog et construisez un système de traitement audio en temps réel avec Red Pitaya, grâce à une formation en ligne complète et des supports de projets pratiques. La boîte Academy Pro « Learn FPGA Programming with Verilog » est une solution d'apprentissage complète pour les étudiants, ingénieurs et développeurs souhaitant acquérir une expérience pratique de la programmation FPGA en Verilog. Alliant théorie et pratique, le programme intègre un cours Udemy reconnu sur les fondamentaux de Verilog, ainsi que neuf modules pratiques exclusifs développés par Elektor et Red Pitaya, spécialement conçus pour la plateforme Red Pitaya STEMlab. Les participants travaillent avec du matériel réel, fourni avec la boîte, comprenant le kit de démarrage Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14 et les composants électroniques essentiels, leur permettant d'appliquer immédiatement leurs connaissances grâce à des configurations de test réelles. Cette combinaison de théorie guidée et d'expérimentation structurée garantit non seulement une compréhension solide des principes FPGA, mais aussi la capacité à implémenter et à vérifier des conceptions de manière autonome. Ce programme s'adresse aux professionnels et aux apprenants avancés qui souhaitent aller au-delà de la simulation et acquérir des compétences pratiques en conception numérique. À la fin du programme, les participants auront réalisé des projets FPGA opérationnels, utilisant des outils et des flux de travail adaptés au secteur, faisant une ressource précieuse pour le développement académique et professionnel, ainsi que pour l'innovation technique. Ce que vous apprendrez ? Principes fondamentaux de la programmation FPGA et Verilog Comment simuler, synthétiser et implémenter des circuits numériques Comment interfacer du matériel audio avec votre FPGA Techniques de traitement numérique du signal (DSP) en temps réel Comment créer, tester et personnaliser des filtres audio Idéal pour Professionnels souhaitant perfectionner leurs compétences en conception de systèmes numériques Concepteurs souhaitant accélérer la mise sur le marché de leurs applications Ingénieurs repoussant les limites de l'innovation technologique Une assistance en cas de besoin Dépannage approfondi pendant la formation Forums communautaires et documentation Red Pitaya Questions-réponses Udemy et e-mail d'assistance matérielle Que contient la boîte (cours) ? Kit de démarrage Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14 (valeur : 550 €) 1x Carte STEMlab 125-14 1x Bloc d'alimentation USB (UE, UK & US) 1x Carte microSD (16 Go) avec système d'exploitation préinstallé 1x Câble Ethernet Extra : 2x Sondes d'oscilloscope Extra : 2x Adaptateurs SMA vers BNC Microphone et Ensemble d'enceintes avec câbles Guide de projet étape par étape Modèles de code et schémas téléchargeables Accès à vie à une formation Udemy complète et autodidacte sur Verilog Matériel pédagogique (de cette boîte/ce cours) 9 modules pratiques avec Red Pitaya ▶  Cliquez ici pour ouvrir Introduction Setting Up the Vivado Development Environment Project Setup & Vivado Integration Synthesis, Implementation & Bitstream Generation FPGA Image Overview First FPGA Projects – LEDs Full Audio Pass-Through Module 5 kHz Low-Pass Filter (4-Pole Cascade) Real-Time Microphone Input → Speaker Output Cours Verilog de 28 leçons sur Udemy ▶  Cliquez ici pour ouvrir Installing Vivado Vivado Design Flow Part 1 Vivado Design Flow Part 2 Commonly Asked Question’s from previous Module Fundamentals of Verilog Commonly Asked Question’s from previous Module Modeling Styles Assignment Operators in Verilog FAQ Behavioral Modeling Style Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Gate Level Modeling Style Switch level Modeling Style Structural Modeling Style Schematic based Design Entry with IP integrator and Xilinx IP's Memories Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Finite State Machines Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Writing Testbenches Hardware Debugging with Vivado Required Hardware v File I/0 Projects RTL for Synthesis FPGA Architecture Fundamentals Commonly Asked Question's from previous Module Interview Preparations Next Step Qu'est-ce qu'Elektor Academy Pro ? Elektor Academy Pro propose des solutions d’apprentissage spécialisées, conçues pour les professionnels, les équipes d’ingénieurs et les experts techniques du secteur de l’électronique et des systèmes embarqués. Elle permet aux individus et aux organisations d’approfondir leurs connaissances pratiques, de perfectionner leurs compétences et de garder une longueur d’avance grâce à des ressources de haute qualité et des outils de formation concrets. Des projets réels aux formations animées par des spécialistes, en passant par des analyses techniques approfondies, Elektor donne aux ingénieurs les moyens de relever les défis actuels du secteur. Notre offre de formation inclut des livres Academy, des coffrets Pro, des webinaires, des conférences et des magazines B2B spécialisés – tous conçus pour favoriser le développement professionnel. Que vous soyez ingénieur, expert R&D ou décideur technique, Elektor Academy Pro fait le lien entre la théorie et la pratique, vous aide à maîtriser les technologies émergentes et à faire progresser l’innovation dans votre entreprise.

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The State of Hollow State Audio in the Second Decade of the 21st Century Vacuum-tube (or valve, depending upon which side of the pond you live on) technology spawned the Age of Electronics early in the 20th Century. Until the advent of solid-state electronics near mid-century, hollow-state devices were the only choice. But following the invention of the transistor (after their process fell to reasonable levels), within a couple of decades, the death of vacuum tubes was widely heralded. Yet here we are some five decades later, and hollow-state equipment is enjoying something of a comeback, especially in the music and high-end audio industries. Many issues surround hollow-state audio: Does it produce—as some claim—better sound? If so, is there science to back up these claims? How do hollow-state circuits work? How do you design hollow-state audio circuits? If hollow-state equipment fails, how do you go about troubleshooting and repairing it? Can we recreate some of the classic hollow-state audio devices for modern listening rooms and recording studios? How can we intelligently modify hollow-state amplifiers to our taste? These and other topics are covered in The State of Hollow State Audio.

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Design IoT Projects with Raspberry Pi, Arduino and ESP32 The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming a major application area for embedded systems. As a result, more and more people are becoming interested in learning about embedded design and programming. Technical colleges and universities are moving away from legacy 8 and 16-bit microcontrollers and are introducing 32-bit embedded microcontrollers to their curriculums. Many IoT applications demand precision, high processing power, and low power consumption. Produced by IBM, Node-RED is an open-source visual editor for wiring the Internet of Things. Node-RED comes with a large number of nodes to handle a multitude of tasks. The required nodes are selected and joined together to perform a particular task. Node-RED is based on flow type programming where nodes are configured and joined together to form an application program. There are nodes for performing complex tasks, including web access, Twitter, E-mail, HTTP, Bluetooth, MQTT, controlling GPIO ports, etc. One particularly nice aspect of Node-RED is that the programmer does not need to learn how to write complex programs. For example, an email can be sent by simply joining nodes together and writing only a few lines of code. The aim of this book is to teach how Node-RED can be used in projects. The main hardware platform used with most of the projects in this book is Raspberry Pi 4. Chapters are included to show how Node-RED can be also be used with Arduino Uno, ESP32 DevKitC, and the ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller development boards.

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Technology is constantly changing. New microcontrollers become available every year. The one thing that has stayed the same is the C programming language used to program these microcontrollers. If you would like to learn this standard language to program microcontrollers, then this book is for you! Arduino is the hardware platform used to teach the C programming language as Arduino boards are available worldwide and contain the popular AVR microcontrollers from Atmel. Atmel Studio is used as the development environment for writing C programs for AVR microcontrollers. It is a full-featured integrated development environment (IDE) that uses the GCC C software tools for AVR microcontrollers and is free to download. At a glance: Start learning to program from the very first chapter No programming experience is necessary Learn by doing – type and run the example programs A fun way to learn the C programming language Ideal for electronic hobbyists, students and engineers wanting to learn the C programming language in an embedded environment on AVR microcontrollers Use the free full-featured Atmel Studio IDE software for Windows Write C programs for 8-bit AVR microcontrollers as found on the Arduino Uno and MEGA boards Example code runs on Arduino Uno and Arduino MEGA 2560 boards and can be adapted to run on other AVR microcontrollers or boards Use the AVR Dragon programmer/debugger in conjunction with Atmel Studio to debug C programs

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Introduction à la programmation des PLC avec OpenPLC, le premier contrôleur logique programmable entièrement open source utilisé avec le Raspberry Pi, et exemples de Modbus avec Arduino Uno et ESP8266. La programmation de contrôleurs logiques programmables est très courante dans l'industrie et la domotique. Ce livre décrit comment le Raspberry Pi 4 peut être utilisé comme un contrôleur logique programmable. Avant de s'attaquer à la programmation, l'auteur commence par expliquer l'installation du logiciel sur le Raspberry Pi et de l'éditeur de PLC sur le PC, puis il décrit le matériel. Vous trouverez ensuite des exemples intéressants dans les différents langages de programmation conformes à la norme IEC 61131-3. Ce manuel explique également en détail comment utiliser l'éditeur de PLC et comment charger et exécuter les programmes sur le Raspberry Pi. Tous les langages DEfinis dans la norme CEI sont expliqués à l'aide d'exemples, des schémas à contacts (Ladder Diagram) au SFC (Special Function Chart) en passant par le ST (Structured Control Language). Tous les exemples peuvent être téléchargés sur le site Web de l'auteur. La communication réseau fait également l'objet d'une attention particulière. L'Arduino Uno et l'ESP8266 sont programmés comme des modules ModbusRTU ou ModbusTCP pour accéder à des périphériques externes, lire des capteurs et commuter des charges électriques. Les circuits d'E/S conformes à la norme industrielle 24 V pourront retenir votre attention. Le livre se termine par un aperçu des commandes pour ST et LD. Après avoir lu le livre, vous serez en mesure de réaliser vos propres contrôleurs avec le Raspberry Pi.

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A Small Basic Approach There are many different PC programming languages available on the market. Some have beautiful names; some have easy to use development tools. Others have incredible power. They all have one thing in common: they assume that you have, or want to have, a knack for technology and difficult to read commands. In this book we take a practical approach to programming. We assume that you simply want to write a PC program, and write it quickly. Not in a professional environment, not in order to start a new career, but for plain and simple fun... or just to get a task done. Therefore we use Small Basic. You will have an application up and running in a matter of minutes. You will understand exactly how it works and be able to write text programs, graphical user interfaces, and advanced drivers. It is so simple; you don't even need to be an adult!

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This book is about advanced programming of the Raspberry Pi computer using the Python programming language. The book explains in simple terms and with examples: How to configure the Raspberry Pi computer; How to install and use the Linux operating system and the desktop; How to write advanced programs using the Python programming language; How to use graphics in our programs; How to develop hardware based projects using the Raspberry Pi. The book starts with an introduction to the Raspberry Pi computer and covers the topics of purchasing all the necessary accessories and installing and operating the Linux operating system in command mode. The network interface of the RPi is explained in simple steps, demonstrating how the computer can be accessed remotely from a desktop or a laptop computer. The remaining parts of the book cover the Python programming language in detail, including advanced topics such as operating system calls, multitasking, interprocess synchronization and interprocess communication techniques. The important topic of network programming using UDP and TCP protocols is described with working examples. The Tkinter graphical user interface module (GUI) is described in detail with example widgets and programs. The last part of the book includes hardware projects based on using the advanced programming topics such as multitasking and interprocess communication techniques. All the projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Complete program listings of all projects are provided with detailed explanations.

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