Résultats de la recherche pour "elektor or magazine or en or may or june or 2017 or pdf"

Multitasking and multiprocessing have become a very important topic in microcontroller-based systems, namely in complex commercial, domestic, and industrial automation applications. As the complexity of projects grows, more functionalities are demanded from the projects. Such projects require the use of multiple inter-related tasks running on the same system and sharing the available resources, such as the CPU, memory, and input-output ports. As a result of this, the importance of multitasking operations in microcontroller-based applications has grown steadily over the last few years. Many complex automation projects now make use of some form of a multitasking kernel. This book is project-based and its main aim is to teach the basic features of multitasking using the Python 3 programming language on Raspberry Pi. Many fully tested projects are provided in the book using the multitasking modules of Python. Each project is described fully and in detail. Complete program listings are given for each project. Readers should be able to use the projects as they are, or modify them to suit their own needs. The following Python multitasking modules have been described and used in the projects: Fork Thread Threading Subprocess Multiprocessing The book includes simple multitasking projects such as independently controlling multiple LEDs, to more complex multitasking projects such as on/off temperature control, traffic lights control, 2-digit, and 4-digit 7-segment LED event counter, reaction timer, stepper motor control, keypad based projects, car park controller, and many more. The fundamental multitasking concepts such as process synchronization, process communication, and memory sharing techniques have been described in projects concerning event flags, queues, semaphores, values, and so on.

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Met ringkern-uitgangstranformatoren Buizenversterkers vormen voor velen het neusje van de zalm, wanneer het gaat om de versterking van audiosignalen. De combinatie van klassieke techniek met moderne componenten heeft geleid tot een ware revival van de buizenversterker. De toepassing van de in de afgelopen 15 jaar door de auteur ontwikkelde 'ringkern-uitgangstransformatoren' heeft daar mede toe bijgedragen. Opvallend aan deze transformatoren zijn vooral het extreem grote frequentie bereik en de geringe lineaire en niet-lineaire vervormingen. Het hoe en waarom van de transformator wordt op verschillende niveaus uitgelegd, beginnend bij inleidende begripsvorming en eindigende bij complete wiskundige beschrijvingen, waarbij ook de samenwerking van de transformator met de buizen en de luidspreker centraal staat. Naast de beschrijving van schematuur en zelfbouw van eenvoudig na te bouwen moderne high-end buizenversterkers met een uitgangsvermogen van 10 tot 100 Watt, worden bijzondere buizenversterkers met ringkerntransformatoren besproken: innovatieve oplossingen voor perfecte audiokwaliteit. Zowel de zelfbouwer als degene die kennis en inzicht wil verwerven in de complexe materie van transformatoren, buizenversterkers en audiosignaalverwerking zal dit boek met plezier ter hand nemen.

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20+ Macintosh Models, from 1984 to Today (History, Engineering, and Restoration) Apple is not like any other company. More than anyone else, it transformed technology into something people could desire, love, and even identify with—much like a luxury brand. Users were not only buying a tool; they were buying a vision, a way of life. At the center of this transformation stands the Macintosh. First introduced in 1984, it was radically different from everything before. With its graphical interface and mouse, it made computing approachable, even friendly. What now feels obvious—clicking on icons, dragging files, pointing instead of typing commands—was revolutionary at the time. The Macintosh not only changed the way people related to technology. The Macintosh forced the entire industry to rethink the way we use computers. This book tells that story through some of the most significant Macintosh models. Each one is presented not only in words but also in images, because these computers are more than technology—they are design icons, symbols of a unique vision. History, technical detail, and photography come together here, aiming to show each Macintosh as it truly deserves to be seen.

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ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266 PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware. You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website. Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader. The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.

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ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266 PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware. You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website. Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader. The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.

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The Red Pitaya (STEMlab) is a credit card-sized, open-source test and measurement board that can be used to replace most measurement instruments used in electronics laboratories. With a single click, the board can transform into a web-based oscilloscope, spectrum analyser, signal generator, LCR meter, Bode plotter, and microcontroller. The Red Pitaya (STEMlab) can replace the many pieces of expensive measurement equipment found at professional research organisations and teaching laboratories. The device, that based on Linux, includes an FPGA, digital signal processing (DSP), dual core ARM Cortex processor, signal acquisition and generation circuitry, micro USB socket, microSD card slot, RJ45 socket for Ethernet connection, and USB socket – all powered from an external mains adaptor. This book is an introduction to electronics. It aims to teach the principles and applications of basic electronics by carrying out real experiments using the Red Pitaya (STEMlab). The book includes many chapters on basic electronics and teaches the theory and use of electronic components including resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers in electronic circuits. Many fun and interesting Red Pitaya (STEMlab) experiments are included in the book. The book also makes an introduction to visual programming environment. The book is written for college level and first year university students studying electrical or electronic engineering.

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Based on PIC microcontrollers and Arduino Every mobile phone includes a GSM/GPRS modem which enables the phone to communicate with the external world. With the help of the GSM modems, users can establish audio conversations and send and receive SMS text messages. In addition, the GPRS modem enables users to connect to the internet and to send and receive large files such as pictures and video over the internet. This book is aimed for the people who may want to learn how to use the GSM/GPRS modems in microcontroller based projects. Two types of popular microcontroller families are considered in the e-book: PIC microcontrollers, and the Arduino. The highly popular mid-performance PIC18F87J50 microcontroller is used in PIC based projects together with a GSM Click board. In addition, the SIM900 GSM/GPRS shield is used with the Arduino Uno projects. Both GSM and GPRS based projects are included in the e-book. The book will enable you to control equipment remotely by sending SMS messages from your mobile phone to the microcontroller, send the ambient temperature readings from the microcontroller to a mobile phone as SMS messages, use the GPRS commands to access the internet from a microcontroller, send temperature readings to the cloud using UDP and TCP protocols and so on. It is assumed that the reader has some basic working knowledge of the C language and the use of microcontrollers in simple projects. Although not necessary, knowledge of at least one member of the PIC microcontroller family and the Arduino Uno will be an advantage. It will also be useful if the user has some knowledge of basic electronics.

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Het boek beschrijft de werking van digitale circuits vanaf schakelingen met poorten tot aan de werking van een processor. Van elke schakeling of systeem kan de werking worden gesimuleerd. Hierbij wordt het gedrag van componenten en het verloop van signalen in de tijd op ingangen, uitgangen en relevante verbindingslijnen zichtbaar gemaakt. Zo wordt in detail gevisualiseerd wat het gedrag is van de hardware als er een instructie wordt uitgevoerd. Het boek is opgebouwd uit drie modules die de volgende onderwerpen behandelen: Basismodule Poorten en combinatorische schakelingen. Hoe rekent een computer? Hoe werkt een rekenmachine? Module Digitale Techniek Hoe ontwerp je combinatorische schakelingen m.b.v. Boole-algebra? Sequentiële schakelingen en het ontwerpen van ‘Finite State Systems’. Complexe schakelingen als decoders, multiplexers, asynchrone en synchrone tellers. Module Computerarchitectuur Hoe werkt een ‘loopje’ precies? If-then-else, while en for loops. De Harvard-architectuur. Hoe verloopt de communicatie tussen de aanroeper en de aangeroepene bij aanroep van een procedure? Bij de module Computerarchitectuur worden programma’s in de taal assembler geschreven. Hierbij wordt gebruik gemaakt van een instructieset van slechts 15 instructies. Website Het boek wordt ondersteund door de website: www.science.uva.nl/amstel/SIM-PL. De SIM-PL software en de componenten die nodig zijn voor de simulaties kunnen hiervandaan worden gedownload. Ook staan hier antwoorden op vragen en vraagstukken. Verder zijn op deze site collegesheets voor docenten en voorbeelden van tentamens beschikbaar. Doelgroepen VAN 0 EN 1 TOT PROCESSOR is geschreven voor iedereen die geïnteresseerd is in de basisprincipes waarop de werking van computers berust. Het boek is zeer geschikt voor studenten Informatica, Technische Informatica en E-technology in het hoger onderwijs en het MBO. Het boek kan worden ingezet bij vakken als Digitale Techniek, Embedded Systems en Architectuur & Computerorganisatie. Delen van de eerste drie hoofdstukken zijn opgenomen in modules voor de vakken Informatica, NLT en Wiskunde D in het voortgezet onderwijs. Ben Bruidegom is werkzaam bij het AMSTEL-Instituut van de Universiteit van Amsterdam als ontwikkelaar van educatieve hard- en software en docent aan het College of Science van deze universiteit. Hij heeft tientallen jaren ervaring op het gebied van de technische automatisering en het ontwikkelen van onderwijs hiervoor.

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Der Autor zeigt in diesem Buch alle wichtigen Aspekte der Mikrocontroller-Programmierung, ohne den Leser mit unnötigen oder nebensächlichen Informationen zu überladen. Am Ende der Lektüre ist der Leser in der Lage, 8-Bit-Mikrocontroller zu verstehen und zu programmieren. Die Einführung in die Mikrocontroller-Programmierung dekliniert der Autor an Mikrocontrollern aus der PIC-Familie durch. Der PIC mit seinem 8-Bit-Design ist nicht auf dem modernsten technischen Stand, aber dafür einfach zu verstehen. Er wird in einem DIP-Gehäuse angeboten, ist überall erhältlich und nicht besonders komplex. Das gesamte Datenblatt des PICs ist um Dekaden kürzer als die Architekturbeschreibung, die den Prozessor eines fortgeschrittenen Mikrocontrollers beschreibt. Die Einfachheit hat ihre Vorteile. Wer versteht, wie ein Mikrocontroller grundlegend funktioniert, kann sich später in fortgeschrittene Softcores einarbeiten. Steht im ersten Teil des Buches Assembler als ausführende Programmiersprache im Vordergrund, so geht der Autor im zweiten Teil seines Buches vertiefend auf C ein. Quasi nebenbei entführt das Buch den Leser in die Tiefen der praktischen Arbeit mit Mikrocontrollern, erklärt interessante Messtechnik und zeigt Möglichkeiten zur Arbeitserleichterung und Fehlersuche.

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Die Programmiersprache „Python“ hat in den letzten Jahren einen enormen Aufschwung erlebt. Nicht zuletzt haben verschiedene Einplatinensysteme wie der Raspberry Pi zu deren Bekanntheitsgrad beigetragen. Aber auch in anderen Gebieten, wie der Künstlichen Intelligenz oder dem Machine Learning, hat Python weite Verbreitung gefunden. Es ist daher naheliegend, Python bzw. die Variante „MicroPython“ auch für den Einsatz in SoCs (Systems on Chip) zu verwenden. Leistungsfähige Controller wie der ESP32 der Firma Espressif Systems bieten eine hervorragende Performance sowie Wi-Fi- und Bluetooth-Funktionalität zu einem günstigen Preis. Mit diesen Eigenschaften wurde die Maker-Szene im Sturm erobert. Im Vergleich zu anderen Controllern weist der ESP32 einen deutlich größeren Flash und SRAM-Speicher, sowie eine wesentlich höhere CPU-Geschwindigkeit auf. Aufgrund dieser Leistungsmerkmale eignet sich der Chip nicht nur für klassische C-Anwendungen, sondern insbesondere auch für die Programmierung mit MicroPython. Das vorliegende Buch führt in die Anwendung der modernen Ein-Chip-Systeme ein. Neben den technischen Hintergründen steht vor allem MicroPython selbst im Vordergrund. Nach der Einführung in die Sprache werden die erlernten Programmierkenntnisse umgehend in die Praxis umgesetzt. Die einzelnen Projekte sind sowohl für den Einsatz im Labor als auch für Alltagsanwendungen geeignet. Neben dem eigentlichen Lerneffekt steht also auch die Freude am Aufbau kompletter und nützlicher Geräte im Vordergrund. Durch die Verwendung von Laborsteckboards können Schaltungen aller Art mit geringem Aufwand realisiert werden, sodass das Austesten der selbstgebauten Geräte zum lehrreichen Vergnügen wird. Durch die verschiedenen Anwendungen wie Wetterstationen, Digitalvoltmeter, Ultraschall-Entfernungsmesser, RFID-Kartenleser oder Funktionsgeneratoren sind die vorgestellten Projekte auch für Praktika oder Fach- und Studienarbeiten in den Naturwissenschaften bzw. im Natur- und Technikunterricht bestens geeignet.

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This book is for people who want to understand how AC drives (also known as inverter drives) work and how they are used in industry by showing mainly the practical design and application of drives. The key principles of power electronics are described and presented in a simple way, as are the basics of both DC and AC motors. The different parts of an AC drive are explained, together with the theoretical background and the practical design issues such as cooling and protection. An important part of the book gives details of the features and functions often found in AC drives and gives practical advice on how and where to use these. Also described is future drive technology, including a matrix inverter. The mathematics is kept to an essential minimum. Some basic understanding of mechanical and electrical theory is presumed, and a basic knowledge of single andthree phase AC systems would be useful. Anyone who uses or installs drives, or is just interested in how these powerful electronic products operate and control modern industry, will find this book fascinating and informative.

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