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Learn to interface and program hardware devices in a wide range of useful applications, using ARM7 microcontrollers and the C programming language. Examples covered in full detail include a simple LED to a multi-megabyte SD card running the FAT file system. Features of this book Build prototype circuits on breadboard or Veroboard and interface to ARM microcontrollers. A 32-bit ARM7 microcontroller is used in interfacing and software examples. Interfacing principles apply to other ARM microcontrollers and other non-ARM microcontrollers as well. Example programs are written in the C programming language. Use only free or open source software. Download and install all programming tools from the Internet. Template project files are provided for easy project creation. Hardware Interface to LEDs, transistors, optocouplers, relays, solenoids, switches, keypads, LCD displays, seven segment displays, DC motors, stepper motors, external analogue signals using the ADC, RS232, RS-485, TWI, USB, SPI and SD memory cards. Software Once hardware has been interfaced to a microcontroller, software must be written to control the hardware. You will learn how to write programs to operate externally interfaced hardware devices, use timers and interrupts. Also learn how to port FAT file system code for use with an SD memory card, program the PWM to produce an audio sine wave, program the PWM to speed control a DC motor and more. A chapter on more advanced ARM microcontrollers is included with an overview of some of the newest ARM microcontrollers and their features.

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An Ultra-Rapid Programming Course This book serves as the very first step to for novices to learn Python programming. The book is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, readers are introduced to the basics of Python. It has the detailed instructions for installation on various platforms such as macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, and Linux. It also covers the other aspects of Python programming such as IDEs and Package Manager. The second chapter is where the readers get an opportunity to have a detailed hands-on with Python programming. It covers a group of built-in data structures popularly known as Python Collections. The third chapter covers the important concepts of strings, functions, and recursion. The fourth chapter focuses on the Object-Oriented Programming with Python. The fifth chapter discusses most commonly used custom data structures such as stack and queue. The sixth chapter spurs the creativity of the readers with Python’s Turtle graphics library. The seventh chapter explores animations and game development using the Pygame library. The eighth chapter covers handling data stored in a variety of file formats. The ninth chapter covers the area of Image processing with Wand library in Python. The tenth and the final chapter presents an array of assorted handy topics in Python. The entire book follows a step-by-step approach. The explanation of the topic is always followed by a detailed code example. The code examples are also explained in suitable detail and they are followed by the output in the form of text or screenshot wherever possible. Readers will become comfortable with Python programming language by closely following the concepts and the code examples in this book. The book also has references to external resources for readers to explore further. A download of the software code, and links to tutorial videos can be found on the Elektor website.

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The Piccolino rapid development board can be used to design microcontroller circuits quickly. The Piccolino has a fast 16f887 PIC microcontroller, voltage regulator, and communications module, and can be easily extended using its four headers. This e-book contains 30 projects based on the Piccolino. We'll use its unique communications facilities and get the Piccolino to communicate with programs on a PC. On the PC, we use the free programming language Small Basic. You can use this to create Windows programs with buttons and graphs quickly. You will learn how to analyze components such as inductors, capacitors, and OPAMPs, and how to display the measurement results in a graphical format. This will help you to design your circuits easily. We will then start to adapt to the Piccolino. We'll add components to it to make it more powerful, with extra features such as flow control and digital to analog conversion. The clear instructions will enable you to design and build your adaptations. This way you can make your custom designed Piccolino. We'll end up making an extension: a PCB that that can be mounted on the Piccolino headers. As an example, we'll design and build an extension for an LCD. You can use the included board layout to make your PCB or have it made for you. At the same time, you will learn how to make your extensions. The only limitation is your imagination! The clear descriptions along with circuit diagrams and photos, will make the building of these projects an enjoyable experience. Each project has a clear explanation of the reasons why it was designed in a particular way. This helps you learn a lot about the Piccolino, as well as Small Basic, and the components that are used in this e-book. You can adapt the projects to suit your requirements or combine several projects.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new concept in intelligent automation and intelligent monitoring using the Internet as the communications medium. The “Things” in IoT usually refer to devices that have unique identifiers and are connected to the Internet to exchange information with each other. Such devices usually have sensors and/or actuators that can be used to collect data about their environments and to monitor and control their environments. The collected data can be processed locally or it can be sent to centralized servers or to the cloud for remote storage and processing. For example, a small device at the size of a matchbox can be used to collect data about the temperature, relative humidity and the atmospheric pressure. This data can be sent and stored in the cloud. Anyone with a mobile device can then access and monitor this data at any time and from anywhere on Earth provided there is Internet connectivity. In addition, users can for example, adjust the central heating remotely using their mobile devices and accessing the cloud. This book is written for students, for practising engineers and for hobbyists who want to learn more about the building blocks of an IoT system and also learn how to setup an IoT system using these blocks. Chapter 1 is an introduction to the IoT systems. In Chapter 2, the basic concepts and possible IoT architectures are discussed. The important parts of any IoT system are the sensors and actuators and they are described briefly in Chapter 3. The devices in an IoT system usually communicate with each other and the important aspect of IoT communication is covered in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 proceeds with the features of some of the commonly used development kits. One of these, the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ manufactured by mikroElektronika, can be used as a processor in IoT systems and its features are described in detail in Chapter 6. A popular microcontroller C language, mikroC Pro for PIC gets introduced in Chapter 7. Chapter 8 covers the use of a click board with the Clicker 2 for PIC18FJ development kit. Similarly, the use of a sensor click board is described as a project in Chapter 9, and an actuator board in Chapter 10. Chapters 11 and 12 cover Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies in microcontroller based systems, and the remaining chapters of the book demo the creation of a simple Wi-Fi based IoT system with cloud-based data storage. This book has been written with the assumption that the reader has taken a course on digital logic design and has been exposed to writing programs using at least one high-level programming language. Knowledge of the C programming language will be very useful. Also, familiarity with at least one member of the PIC series of microcontrollers (e.g. PIC16 or PIC18) will be an advantage. The knowledge of assembly language programming is not required because all the projects in the book are based on using the C language. If you are a total beginner in programming you can still access the e-book, but first you are advised to study introductory books on microcontrollers.

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Met de Raspberry Pi heeft u voor slechts een paar tientjes een complete computer in handen, waar op eenvoudige wijze allerlei elektronica aangesloten kan worden. In deze 2e herziene en uitgebreide versie gaan we in op een van de sterke kanten van de Raspberry Pi: de combinatie van programmeren en elektronica. Na een korte introductie van de Raspberry Pi wordt de benodigde software geïnstalleerd. Op de SD-kaart die u bij dit boek kunt aanschaffen, is die allemaal al aanwezig voor de Raspberry Pi. Aan de (optionele) Windows PC kant gebeurt dit met gratis software die u kunt downloaden. Daarna volgt een beknopte inleiding in het besturingssysteem Linux en gaan we programmeren in Bash, Python en JavaScript. De nadruk ligt hierbij op Python, maar in alle gevallen houden we het kort. We bespreken net voldoende zodat u de projecten kunt begrijpen en aan uw wensen aanpassen, en gaan dan aan de slag met leuke projecten. Maar liefst 45 spannende en interessante projecten worden in detail besproken en uitgelegd. Van wisselknipperlicht, aansluiten van een elektromotor, het verwerken en maken van analoge signalen tot lichtmeter en temperatuurregeling. Maar ook gecompliceerdere projecten zoals een motorsnelheidsregeling, webserver met CGI, client-server applicaties en Xwindows programma‘s. U kunt dit boek gebruiken als projecten boek en de projecten nabouwen en in de praktijk inzetten. Door de duidelijke uitleg, schema‘s en foto‘s van de opstellingen op een steekbord wordt het nabouwen een erg leuke bezigheid. RPi Alle software voor de RPi is voorgeïnstalleerd op een SD-kaart die u bij dit boek kunt aanschaffen. Dat wil zeggen dat alle software en drivers voor SSH, SPI, I²C, GPIO, PWM, muziek, Python Ontwikkelversie, wxPython, IdleX en de seriële verbinding gegarandeerd werken. Tevens staan alle broncodes van de projecten uitdit boek op deze kaart. Windows-PC In het gratis download-pakket dat bij dit boek hoort, vindt u de software die in dit boek gebruikt wordt op de Windows-PC handig bij elkaar in een enkel ZIP-bestand. Alle software is gratis. Tevens bevat het pakket een filmpje van de Nutteloze Doos (Useless Machine) van project 13.4. Software download-pakket WinOscillo Putty Xming WinSCP DiskImager Notepad2 IdleX Useless Box film

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Die serielle Schnittstelle dient dem Datenaustausch zwischen Mikrocontrollern und Peripheriegeräten. Bei einer seriellen Datenübertragung werden die Bits nacheinander – also seriell – über eine Leitung übertragen. Das Wissen um diese seriellen Schnittstellen erweitert die Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Mikrocontrollern und Peripheriegeräten ungemein. In diesem Buch werden die Grundlagen der Kommunikation für die drei seriellen Schnittstellen I²C, SPI und 1-Wire vorgestellt. Anhand praxisnaher Beispiele werden die Schnittstellen anschaulich dargestellt und deren Einsatz verdeutlicht. Software- und Hardwarebeispiele, die man in diesem Buch finden kann, wurden in Assembler für PIC-Mikrocontroller von Microchip realisiert. Die verwendeten Algorithmen und Vorgehensweisen kann man aber auf beliebige Plattform übertragen. Um den Inhalt des Buches ansprechend zu gestalten, demonstriert der Autor den Buchinhalt an zwei Platinen. Mit diesen Platinen ist es möglich, die in diesem Buch beschriebenen Beispiele auszuprobieren und mit den Schnittstellen zu experimentieren. Beide Platinen basieren auf 8-bit-PIC-Mikrocontrollern von Microchip.

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Learn to use Python productively in real-life scenarios at work and in everyday life If you have mastered the basics of Python and are wanting to explore the language in more depth, this book is for you. By means of concrete examples used in different applications, the book illustrates many aspects of programming (e.g. algorithms, recursion, data structures) and helps problem-solving strategies. Including general ideas and solutions, the specifics of Python and how these can be practically applied are discussed. Python 3 for Science and Engineering Applications includes: practical and goal-oriented learning basic Python techniques modern Python 3.6+ including comprehensions, decorators and generators complete code available online more than 40 exercises, solutions documented online no additional packages or installation required, 100% pure Python Topics cover: identifying large prime numbers and computing Pi writing and understanding recursive functions with memorisation computing in parallel and utilising all system cores processing text data and encrypting messages comprehending backtracking and solving Sudokus analysing and simulating games of chance to develop optimal winning strategies handling genetic code and generating extremely long palindromes Downloads Software

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With Examples for Raspberry Pi Pico and ESP32 Creating and programming small electronic systems is now easier than ever before. With inexpensive development boards and modern software tools, anyone curious about embedded design can quickly move from an idea to a working piece of hardware. At the heart of this change is MicroPython—a clear, interactive, and beginner-friendly way to program microcontrollers while still remaining closely connected to the underlying electronics. This book introduces embedded programming through MicroPython on popular platforms such as the Raspberry Pi Pico and the ESP32. You will discover how to use microcontrollers for reading inputs, processing data, and controlling outputs in a predictable, real-time loop. With just a few lines of code, you can blink LEDs, read sensors, drive motors, and communicate with the outside world. The interactive REPL programming interface encourages experimentation and fast learning, making concepts tangible from the very first chapter. While different boards offer different capabilities, they all share the same core principles. Timers, GPIO, analog I/O, PWM, interrupts, and communication interfaces form the foundation of every embedded system. By focusing on these universal building blocks, this book helps you build skills that transfer across platforms and scale naturally toward more advanced development. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced programmer entering embedded systems, you will find that working with MicroPython is both practical and genuinely enjoyable.

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ModbusRTU and ModbusTCP examples with the Arduino Uno and ESP8266 Introduction to PLC programming with OpenPLC, the first fully open source Programmable Logic Controller on the Raspberry Pi, and Modbus examples with Arduino Uno and ESP8266 PLC programming is very common in industry and home automation. This book describes how the Raspberry Pi 4 can be used as a Programmable Logic Controller. Before taking you into the programming, the author starts with the software installation on the Raspberry Pi and the PLC editor on the PC, followed by a description of the hardware. You'll then find interesting examples in the different programming languages complying with the IEC 61131-3 standard. This manual also explains in detail how to use the PLC editor and how to load and execute the programs on the Raspberry Pi. All IEC languages are explained with examples, starting with LD (Ladder Diagram) over ST (Structured Control Language) to SFC (Special Function Chart). All examples can be downloaded from the author's website. Networking gets thorough attention too. The Arduino Uno and the ESP8266 are programmed as ModbusRTU or ModbusTCP modules to get access to external peripherals, reading sensors and switching electrical loads. I/O circuits complying with the 24 V industry standard may also be of interest for the reader. The book ends with an overview of commands for ST and LD. After reading the book, the reader will be able to create his own controllers with the Raspberry Pi.

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Points forts Un peu d'électronique et beaucoup d'experimentation : un livre ludique ! Gravité, réfraction, couleurs, vitesse du son, pendule, masse, élasticité, pression, aimants : une approche nouvelle et créative des leçons de physique Matériel peu coûteux et facilement disponible Logiciels gratuits Kit disponible séparément La rencontre de la physique et du microcontrôleur ne devrait plus étonner personne. Il existe d’excellents enregistreurs de données, ainsi que de nombreux programmes pour les traiter et les présenter sous forme de graphiques colorés et attrayants. La physique rébarbative, c’est fini ! J’ai choisi l’Arduino, car cette plate-forme est d’un accès facile et sa documentation abondante. La famille Arduino offre des ressources extraordinaires à un prix dérisoire. Ajoutez-y le logiciel gratuit CoolTerm, et vous pouvez enregistrer toutes les données de mesure pour les retravailler sous Excel et créer aisément des tableaux ou des graphiques. Ce livre n’est pas un manuel de physique. Vous n’y trouverez ni équations différentielles ni courbes abstraites. Nous étudierons des phénomènes physiques de la vie de tous les jours. Sans chercher à être exhaustif, mon modeste ouvrage apporte aux leçons de physique une approche nouvelle et créative grâce aux techniques modernes de mesure et de traitement des données. L’électronique utilisée est simple, et constitue une belle démonstration des possibilités.

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Program, build, and master over 50 projects with MicroPython and the RP2040 microprocessor The Raspberry Pi Pico is a high-performance microcontroller module designed especially for physical computing. Microcontrollers differ from single-board computers, like the Raspberry Pi 4, in not having an operating system. The Raspberry Pi Pico can be programmed to run a single task very efficiently within real-time control and monitoring applications requiring speed. The ‘Pico’ as we call it, is based on the fast, efficient, and low-cost dual-core ARM Cortex-M0+ RP2040 microcontroller chip running at up to 133 MHz and sporting 264 KB of SRAM, and 2 MB of Flash memory. Besides its large memory, the Pico has even more attractive features including a vast number of GPIO pins, and popular interface modules like ADC, SPI, I²C, UART, and PWM. To cap it all, the chip offers fast and accurate timing modules, a hardware debug interface, and an internal temperature sensor. The Raspberry Pi Pico is easily programmed using popular high-level languages such as MicroPython and or C/C++. This book is an introduction to using the Raspberry Pi Pico microcontroller in conjunction with the MicroPython programming language. The Thonny development environment (IDE) is used in all the projects described. There are over 50 working and tested projects in the book, covering the following topics: Installing the MicroPython on Raspberry Pi Pico using a Raspberry Pi or a PC Timer interrupts and external interrupts Analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) projects Using the internal temperature sensor and external temperature sensor chips Datalogging projects PWM, UART, I²C, and SPI projects Using Wi-Fi and apps to communicate with smartphones Using Bluetooth and apps to communicate with smartphones Digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) projects All projects given in the book have been fully tested and are working. Only basic programming and electronics experience is required to follow the projects. Brief descriptions, block diagrams, detailed circuit diagrams, and full MicroPython program listings are given for all projects described. Readers can find the program listings on the Elektor web page created to support the book.

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Retro Radio is een praktijkboek voor beginners en uitermate geschikt voor iedereen die wel eens een radio zou willen bouwen en meer wil weten over de radiotechniek. Na een inleiding in de beginselen van de techniek en de radio-ontvangst op de korte golf komen een aantal eenvoudige radio-ontwerpen aan bod. Het gaat om radio’s voor de middengolf en korte golf, waarbij de KG radio’s geschikt zijn voor de ontvangst van Single Side Band signalen. Het “retro” karakter dankt het boek aan het feit dat de gepubliceerde schakelingen klassiekers zijn uit de analoge radiotechniek. Ze zijn geïnspireerd door schakelingen uit de jaren ’50 en de begintijd van de radiotechniek. De auteur grijpt terug op de radio in zijn meest elementaire vorm. Al het “overbodige” is uit de schakelingen weggelaten. Er wordt gewerkt met spoelen, afstemcondensatoren, keramische filters en spoelfilters. Alle schakelingen zijn gebouwd met gewone transistors en een veldeffecttransistor. Elektronische chips worden niet gebruikt. Overigens is aan de nieuwste ontwikkelingen niet helemaal voorbij gegaan. Er is ook een SDR ontwerp opgenomen. Een greep uit de schema’s: een kristalradio, verschillende middengolf ontvangers (ook met een radiobuis), een “oer” schema geïnspireerd door de begintijd van de radio, twee korte golf ontvangers met SSB (2-12 MHz en 6-17 MHz) en een ontvanger voor de 80 meter band. Verder is in dit boek bijzonder veel aandacht besteed aan de praktische constructie van de radio’s en zijn er verschillende eenvoudige meetapparaten beschreven die dienst kunnen doen bij het ontwerpen en testen van radio’s (meetzender, absorptiemeter, transistortester e.d.).

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